INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

United states industry began to grow when Northern and Middle states started producing a lot of cloth and iron products. Since the Embargo act of 1807 was in place, the United States could not buy British goods , and the growth of of industrialization provided jobs, ended U.S dependency on Europe, and brought income to the US. British manufactures were sending in their products to the United States. They were leftovers from the war that had been stockpiled and many of the new production included interchangeable parts, mass production, cotton gin, steam engine, and the steam boat. Interchangeable parts, created by Eli Whitney in 1801, meant that items were made to the customers order and that machines created identical parts so items were made faster. This led to something called mass production. Because items were made in larger quantities, more goods could be made in a shorter period of time. This was a large job opportunity, so many farmers left and moved to areas with factories, which lead to the industrial revolution. Whitney also created the cotton gin in 1793 because when the industry started to build, cotton became the number one cash crop and the cotton gin easily removed seeds from fibers. Just before the cotton gin, Samuel Slater produced the cotton-spinning machine, and created the first factory to hold it. He had immigrated from Britain where cotton-spinning was occuring, and when he came to the US, he replicated it. Francis Lowell also took the idea of the power loom from Europe when he went to England, to then come back to the US and create the first factory to produce thread and weave cloth. During this large period of growth for the US, steam power was on the rise, and with steam power came the steam boat and steam engine. James Watts made the first steam engine in 1780, followed by Robert Fulton in 1807, who created the first steamboat. Together, these inventions helped the US navigate rivers and improved transportation that helped with the US industry. During and after this time, trials were going occurring, which included the McCulloch v. Maryland in 1819, and Gibbons v. Ogden in 1824. McCulloch v. Maryland ended with it saying that no state could try to destroy the federal agency and the Congress had the constitutional right to create the Bank of the United States, and the Gibbons v. Ogden trial said that states could only regulate commerce within its own state and Congress had the sole authority to control interstate commerce. Both of these showed that the federal government had power over states’ rights.